Class 10th

  EFFECT OF OXIDATION IN OUR DAILY LIFE Q. What is rusting?  Ans - The process of rust formation in presence of oxygen and water or water vapour is called rusting.  🔑Keys points 🗝️ ➡️Moisture  ➡️Acid: higher pH inhibits the Corrosion of iron.  ➡️Salt: Iron tends to rust faster in the sea, due to presence of various salts.  ➡️Impurity : Pure iron tends to rust more  slowly when compared to iron containing a mixture of metals.  These are affecting the rust.  What is Corrosion?  Ans - Chemical action on the surface of metals by moisture, air or chemicals is called Corrosion.  Ex- black layer on silver, green layer on copper etc.  ➡️Rusting of iron is a redox reaction. What is Rancidity?  Ans :- The process of Oxidation of fats and oils that can be easily noticed by the change in taste and smell is called Rancidity.  Ex- the taste and smell of butter changes when kept for long.  Q. How can be reduced Rancidity?...

  Type of chemical reactions 1.) Combination Reaction :- When two or more substances (elements or compounds) combine to form a single product. Whose properties are entirely different from the original substance.  Ex -                 A  +   B    ->    C i. When coal burns in presence of air it produce carbon dioxide gas .  C (g) + O2(g) -> CO2 (g)  ii. When hydrogen combines with oxygen it forms water.  H2 (g) + O2(g) -> H2O(l)  Note :- In this reaction heat is produced.  ➡️Exothermic reactions :- The reactions, in which heat is generated in course of formation of product, are Exothermic reaction.  Ex-  a.) CH4 (g) + 2O2(g)  -> CO2 (g) +2H2O (g) +        energy  2) Decomposition Reactions :-  In this reaction, a substance is broken down into two or more new substances whose properties are different from the original s...

  CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS Course Content I) Introduction II) Types of changes III) Chemical Reactions IV) Chemical Equations V) Different types of chemical reactions VI) Oxidation and reduction reaction VII) Oxidising and reducing agents VIII) Balancing of chemical equations IX) Corrosion and Rusting (prevention of rusting ) X) Rancidity >Write the difference between physical and chemical change. 1)Physical change :- ➡️It is a temporary change.  ➡️It affects only physical properties i. e shape, size etc.  ➡️It involves very little to absorption* of energy.  ➡️For example - freezing of water, melting of wax, boiling of water etc.  ➡️It do not involve the production of energy.  ➡️No, new substance is formed.  ➡️It is easily reversible i. e original substance can be reformed.  Chemical changes :- ➡️It is a permanent change.  ➡️It has both physical as well as chemical properties of the substance including its composition.  ➡️In t...

CHEMISTRY CLASS - XTH ALL CHAPTERS NOTES ➡️Chapter - 01  I) Chemical Reactions and Equations click below 👇

 Question 1: What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration? Answer Terrestrial organisms take up oxygen from the atmosphere whereas aquatic animals need to utilize oxygen present in the water. Air contains more O2 as compared to water. Since the content of O2 in air is high, the terrestrial animals do not have to breathe faster to get more oxygen. Therefore, unlike aquatic animals, terrestrial animals do not have to show various adaptations for better gaseous exchange. Question 2: What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms? Answer Glucose is first broken down in the cell cytoplasm into a three carbon molecule called pyruvate. Pyruvate is further broken down by different ways to provide energy. The breakdown of glucose by different pathways can be illustrated as follows. In yeast and human muscle cells, the breakdown of pyruvate occurs in the ...

Questions : 06 Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?  Ans :- Multicellular organisms such as humans possess complex body designs. They have specialised cells and tissues for performing various necessary functions of the body such as intake of food and oxygen. Unlike unicellular organisms, multicellular cells are not in direct contact with the outside environment. Therefore, diffusion cannot meet their oxygen requirements. Questions :07 What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?  Ans:-  Any visible movement such as walking, breathing, or growing is generally used to decide whether something is alive or not. However, a living organism can also have movements, which are not visible to the naked eye. Therefore, the presence of life processes is a fundamental criterion that can be used to decide whether something is alive or not. Questions : 08 What are outside raw materials used for an organism...

 Question - 05 How is the small intestine designed to absorb (अवशोषित) digested food? Ans- The small intestine has millions of tiny fingers - like projections (उठा हुआ भाग) which is called villi*.These villi increase the surface are for more efficient (कुशलता से ) food absorption. Within these villi, many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food and carry it to the blood stream(धारा /बहना). From the blood stream, the absorbed food is delivered to each and every cell in the body. Note point :- What is villi? Or Write the function of villi.  Ans:- ➡️It is small finger like projections which is found inside of the small intestine.  ➡️It increase the surface area of the small intestine which help to absorb.  ➡️Each villus( sing-villus) has a network of thin and small blood vessels close to its surface.  ➡️The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials.  ➡️It is the part of wall of the small intestine.  ➡️System - Digestive syst...

 Q.1. Write difference between autotropic and heterotrophic nutrition. Ans:- i) Autotropic nutrition - ➡️Living things makes their own food themselves by the help of carbon dioxide and water. ➡️Presence of green pigment (chlorophyll) which is necessary. ➡️Food is prepared in presence of sun light.  ➡️All green plants and some type of bacteria have this type of nutrition.  ii) Heterotrophic nutrition - ➡️It depends on autotrophs. Food is broken down with the help of enzymes*. ➡️In this nutrition green pigment is not required.  ➡️Organics make their food all times.  ➡️All animals and fungi have this type of nutrition.  Q.2.Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis? Ans- The following raw materials are required for photosynthesis: ➡️The raw material CO2 enters from the atmosphere through stomata. ➡️Water is absorbed from the soil by the plant roots. ➡️Sunlight, an important component to manufacture food, is absorbed by the c...

  Short Answer Questions 1. Name the following  i) The process in plants that links light energy with chemical energy. Ans - Photosynthetic ii) Organisms that can prepare their own food. Ans- Autotrophs iii) The cell organelle where photosynthetic occurs. Ans - Chloroplast iv) Cells that surrounded a stomatal pore. Ans - Gaurd Cells v) Organisms that can't prepare their own food. Ans- Heterotrophs vi) An enzymes secreted from gastric glands in stomach that acts in proteins. Ans - Pepsin

Life process important questions and answers Differences between artery and vain.  1.) Artery- ➡️Have thick elastic, muscular walls. ➡️Lumen* is narrow. ➡️Carry blood from heart to all body parts.  ➡️Carry oxygenated blood(except pulmonary* artery) 2.) Vein - ➡️Have thin, non-elastic walls. ➡️Lumen is wide(विस्तृत). ➡️Carry blood from all body parts to heart. ➡️Carry deoxygenated blood(except pulmonary vein). Note:- *Lumen- It is the opening inside a tubular body structure that is lined by body tissue known as an epithelial* membrane. Ex- large intestine, small intestine, vein, arteries. ➡️*Epithelial :- It is a tissue. Its shape is scutoid. ➡️It is tightly packed.  ➡️It formed a continuous sheet.  ➡️It has almost no intercellular space.  Life process short type questions and answers.